How do long vowels differ from short vowels?

The correct choice highlights a fundamental distinction between long and short vowels. Long vowels typically sound like their corresponding letter name in the alphabet. For example, in the word "cake," the 'a' has a long vowel sound, pronounced like the letter "A." This is in contrast to short vowels, which have a sound that is distinct from their letter name. For instance, in the word "cat," the 'a' produces a short vowel sound, not sounding like the letter name.

This understanding is pivotal in phonics instruction, as it helps learners differentiate between vowel sounds, aiding in reading and pronunciation. Clarity in recognizing these sounds is crucial for effective communication and literacy development.

In contrast, the other choices present misconceptions about the nature of long and short vowels that do not align with standard linguistic definitions.